Class 12 English Prose Chapter 2 A Fellow Traveller

UP Board Master for Class 12 English Prose Chapter 2 A Fellow Traveller

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Board	UP Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 12
Topic	English Prose
Chapter	Chapter 2
Chapter Title	A Fellow Traveller
Variety of Questions Solved	25
Class	Class 12 English

UP Board Master for Class 12 English Prose Chapter 2 A Fellow Traveler

LESSON at a Look

A.G. Gardiner is without doubt one of the greatest essayists the world has ever had. He had the genius of describing peculiar issues in an exceptionally attention-grabbing method. The current story is an instance of it.

Gardiner was travelling in a passenger prepare from London to a Midland City. The passengers obtained down in ones and twos on the wayside stations, and ultimately he was left alone within the compartment.

The sense of being alone within the compartment opened up a basketful of fine issues for Gardiner. As an alternative of feeling loneliness, he thought he might do something he favored, he. might stand upwards on his head and no one would see him. He might sing, dance, open or shut the home windows however no one would object it. However alas! a mosquito was disturbing him.

The mosquito fluttered, took a spherical within the compartment and sat on the nostril of the author. He flicked it off but it surely once more sat on his nostril after taking one other spherical of the compartment. Then, it sat on the again of his hand after which on the newspaper he was studying. He warned the mosquito twice however in useless. Now, Gardiner determined to kill it. He adopted many ways to get maintain and kill the mosquito, however each time it escaped. Ultimately Gardiner started to enter into the spirit of a fellow mosquito. It was no extra a mere insect for him. He realised that he and the mosquito had been fellow mortals on this world. However by likelihood they’d turn into fellow-travellers that evening.

Gardiner concludes that we take start however we have no idea from the place we’ve come. This stays a thriller. Our life on this world could be very brief but it is stuffed with wonders. Now we have to battle arduous to dwell for this brief interval. Then, we go away from this world our personal approach.

पाठ का हिन्दी अनुवाद

(1) I don’t ………….. even D.O.R.A.
मैं नहीं जानता कि हममें से कौन डिब्बे में पहले सवार हुआ। वास्तव में, मैं यह भी नहीं जानता था कि वह कुछ समय के लिए डिब्बे में था। यह लन्दन से मिडलैण्ड टाउन को जाने वाली अन्तिम गाड़ी थी, एक अत्यन्त धीमी गति से चलने वाली गाड़ी और ऐसा लगता था कि सम्भवत: यात्रा कभी समाप्त ही नहीं होगी। जब वह चली थी तब इसमें बहुत अधिक भीड़ न थी किन्तु ज्यों ही यह उपनगरीय स्टेशनों पर रुकती थी तब एक-एक या दो-दो यात्री नीचे उतर जाते थे, किन्तु जैसे ही हम लन्दन के बाहरी क्षेत्र से आगे बढ़े, तब डिब्बे में मैं अकेला ही था।

रात्रि के समय जो डिब्बा शोर करता हुआ झटके ले रहा हो उसमें अकेले यात्रा करना स्वतन्त्रता का आनन्द देता है। वहाँ बहुत प्रकार से स्वतन्त्रता का सुखद आभास होता है। आप अपनी पसन्द का कोई भी कार्य कर सकते हैं। आप स्वयं से जितनी जोर से चाहें बातें कर सकते हैं और कोई भी व्यक्ति आपको सुनेगा नहीं। आप जॉन (अपने काल्पनिक शत्रु) से सफलतापूर्वक लड़ सकते हैं और बिना किसी जवाबी हमले के भय के आप उसे मिट्टी में लुढ़का सकते हैं। आप अपने सिर के बल खड़े हो सकते हैं। दो कदम नाच सकते हैं। गोल्फ का अभ्यास कर सकते हैं या बिना किसी रोक-टोक के फर्श पर कंचे खेल सकते हैं या उसे बन्द कर

सकते हैं। आप दोनों खिड़की खोल सकते हैं या दोनों बन्द कर सकते हैं। आप कोई भी कोना चुन सकते हैं। और बारी-बारी से सारे कार्य कर सकते हैं। आप गद्दों पर लम्बे-लम्बे लेट सकते हैं और सारे नियमों को तोड़ सकते हैं। सम्भवतः अंग्रेजों के सुरक्षा कानूनों को भी।

(2) On this ………….. humiliated me.
इस रात मैंने कोई कार्य नहीं किया। वे बातें मेरे मन में भी नहीं आई। जो कुछ मैंने किया वह बहुत साधारण बात थी। जब मेरा अन्तिम साथी यात्री भी चला गया तब मैंने अपना अखबार रख दिया। अपने हाथ और पैर फैलाए, खड़ा हो गया और शान्त गर्मियों की रात्रि को खिड़की के बाहर झाँककर देखा जिसमें मैं यात्रा कर रहा था और दिन की धुंधली रोशनी को देखा जो अब भी आकाश में उत्तर की ओर थी। मैं डिब्बे के इस पार से उस पार तक गया और दूसरी खिड़की में से बाहर देखा, एक सिगरेट जलाई, बैठ गया और फिर पढ़ने लगा। उस समय मैं अपने साथी यात्री से सावधान हो गया। वह आया और मेरी नाक पर बैठ गया। वह उन कीड़े-मकोड़ों में से एक था जिन्हें हम यों ही मच्छर कह देते हैं। वह पंख वाला, तेज डंक वाला तथा निर्भीक था। मैंने उसे अपनी नाक पर से हटा दिया। उसने डिब्बे का दौरा किया। उसकी लम्बाई, चौड़ाई तथा ऊँचाई का निरीक्षण किया। प्रत्येक खिड़की को देखा। रोशनी के चारों ओर पंख फड़फड़ाए, उसने निश्चय कर लिया कि कोने में बैठे हुए मुझ जैसे बड़े प्राणी से अधिक मनोरंजक वस्तु उसके लिए और नहीं है, वह आया और उसने मेरी गर्दन पर निगाह डाली।

मैंने उसे फिर झटके से हटा दिया। वह उड़ गया, पूरे डिब्बे का दूसरा दौरा किया, वापस लौटा और धृष्टता से मेरे हाथ के पीछे बैठ गया। मैंने कहा, “यह काफी है। उदारता की भी सीमा होती है। तुम्हें दो बार चेतावनी दी गई है कि मैं एक विशेष व्यक्ति हूँ, मुझे पसन्द नहीं है कि कोई अपरिचित व्यक्ति मेरे शरीर पर गुदगुदाए। मैं अब स्वयं को एक जज मानता हूँ जो किसी कैदी को मौत का दण्ड सुनाता है। मैं तुम्हें मृत्यु दण्ड देता हूँ। यही न्याय की माँग है और अदालत का यह आदेश है। तुम्हारे विरुद्ध बहुत-से आरोप हैं। तुम आवारा हो, तुम लोक कंटक हो, तुम बिना टिकट के यात्रा कर रहे हो, तुम्हारे पास मीट कूपन भी नहीं है अर्थात् तुम्हें किसी को खून चूसने का अधिकार नहीं है। इन सभी और अनेक अन्य जुर्मों के कारण तुम अब मरने वाले हो।” मैंने अपने सीधे हाथ से बहुत तेज घातक घूसा मारा। वह बड़ी चालाकी से मेरे मुक्के से बचकर भाग गया और मैंने स्वयं को बड़ा अपमानित अनुभव किया।

(3) My private ………….. I s it.
मेरा व्यक्तिगत अभिमान जाग्रत हो गया। मैं अपना पैंसा तानकर तथा अखबार लेकर आगे बढ़ा। मैं अपनी सीट पर कूदा और लैम्प के चारों ओर उसका पीछा किया। मैंने बिल्ली जैसी चतुराई की चालें अपनाईं, जब तक वह नीचे उतरा मैंने उसकी प्रतीक्षा की एवं चुपचाप आगे बढ़ा और अचानक तेजी से एवं भयंकर ढंग से उस पर वार किया।

यह भी व्यर्थ रहा। वह मेरे साथ इस प्रकार खेला जैसे कोई साँड से कुश्ती लड़ने वाला व्यक्ति क्रोधित साँड के चारों ओर चतुराई से घूमता है तथा उससे निबटता है। यह स्पष्ट हो गया था कि यह अपना मनोरंजन कर रहा था और इसी कारण उसने मेरी शान्ति को भंग किया था। वह थोड़ा खेलना चाहता था और ऐसा खेल कि इतने बड़े और भारी प्राणी के चारों ओर घूम-फिरकर जो इतना अच्छा लगता है और इतना निःसहाय और मूर्ख दिखाई देता था। मैंने अब समझने की कोशिश आरम्भ कर दी। वह अब केवल एक कीड़ा-मकोड़ा ही नहीं था। वह ऐसा बुद्धिमान व्यक्ति होता जा रहा था जो मेरी बराबरी के आधार पर ही उस डिब्बे पर अपना अधिकार रखता था। मैंने उसकी ओर स्नेह का अनुभव किया और मेरी महानता की भावना गायब होने लगी। मैं अपने आपको उस प्राणी से महान् कैसे मान सकता था जो स्पष्ट रूप से उस प्रतियोगिता में मेरा स्वामी था जिसमें हम इतनी देर से लगे थे। फिर क्यों न मैं विशाल हृदय वाला बनूं। विशाल हृदय तथा दया मनुष्य के दो सबसे अच्छे लक्षण हैं। इन्हीं दोनों गुणों के अभ्यास से मैं अपने सम्मान को पुनः प्राप्त कर सकता हूँ। इस समय मैं एक हँसी-मजाक की वस्तु था, दयावान होकर मैं मनुष्य के नैतिक सम्मान को पुन: प्राप्त कर सकता हूँ और सम्मान के साथ अपने कोने में जा सकता हूँ। अपनी सीट पर वापस आकर मैंने कहा कि मैं मृत्यु-दण्ड वापस लेता हूँ। मैं तुम्हें नहीं मार सकता, किन्तु मैं तुम्हारे मृत्यु-दण्ड को क्षमा कर सकता हूँ। मैं ऐसा कर रहा हूँ।

(4) I took up my ………….. around the lamp.
मैंने अखबार उठाया और वह आकर इस पर बैठ गया। मैंने कहा, ऐ मूर्ख साथी, तुमने स्वयं को मेरे हवाले कर दिया है। मैं इस सम्मानित साप्ताहिक-पत्र के दोनों पन्नों को यदि जोर से बन्द करू जैसे चाँटे की आवाज होती है तब तुम दो लेखों के बीच कुचले जाओगे और मर जाओगे, एक लेख ‘Peace Traps’ और दूसरा “The Modesty of Mr Hughes. किन्तु मैं ऐसा नहीं करूंगा। मैंने तुम्हें मृत्यु-दण्ड से क्षमा किया है और मैं तुम्हें इस बात से सन्तुष्ट कर दूंगा कि मैं जो कहता हूँ वही करता हूँ। इसके अतिरिक्त मैं तुम्हें मारना भी नहीं चाहता। तुम्हें भली प्रकार जान-पहचानकर, मैं तुमसे स्नेह करने लगा हूँ। मैं कल्पना करता हूँ कि सैंट फ्रांसिस भी तुम्हें छोटा भाई ही मानता है। मैं इतनी उदारता तथा विनम्रता नहीं दिखा सकता, किन्तु मैं तो इससे भी दूर का रिश्ता पहचानता हूँ। संयोग से हम इस गर्मियों की रात्रि में साथी यात्री बन गये हैं। मैंने तुम्हारा मनोरंजन किया और तुमने मेरा। हमारे अहसान पारस्परिक हैं और इस सत्य पर आधारित हैं कि हम दोनों ही नश्वर प्राणी हैं। हमारे जीवन का आश्चर्य और रहस्य समान है। मैं मानता हूँ कि तुम अपनी यात्रा के विषय में कुछ नहीं जानते। मुझे यह भी निश्चय नहीं है कि अपनी यात्रा के बारे में मैं अधिक जानता हूँ। वास्तव में, जब तुम यह सोचोगे तो पाओगे कि हम दोनों एक-दूसरे के ही समान हैं-केवल भूत, जो हैं और नहीं भी हैं जो रात्रि में इस प्रकार प्रकाशमान डिब्बे में आ गए हैं, थोड़ी देर तक चिराग पर फड़फड़ा रहे हैं और पुनः अँधेरे में चले जाएँगे। शायद ………

खिड़की पर से एक आवाज आई ‘Happening tonight; Sir यह एक जाने-पहचाने कुली की आवाज थी, जिसने मुझे इशारा दिया कि यही स्टेशन है, जहाँ मुझे उतरना है। मैंने उसे धन्यवाद दिया और कहा कि मैं ऊँघ रहा था। अपना टोप और छड़ी लेकर मैं गर्मियों की ठण्डी रात में बाहर आ गया। जब मैंने डिब्बे का दरवाजा बन्द किया तब मैंने अपने साथी यात्री को लैम्प के चारों ओर पंख फड़फड़ाते हुए देखा।

Understanding the Textual content

Explanations
Clarify one of many following passages on the subject of the context :
(1) I have no idea ………….. I used to be alone.
Or
I have no idea ………….. eternity.
Reference : These strains have been taken from the lesson ‘A Fellow-traveller’ written by a well-known English essayist A.G. Gardiner. [ N.B. : The above reference will be used for all explanations of this lesson. )

Context : This delightful essay is about an encounter between a mosquito and the author who were travelling in the same compartment of a train.

Explanation : The writer was travelling by a passenger train and was left alone in the carriage as all other passengers had alighted from it on the way side stations. It was the last suburban train from London to a Midland town. When the train left the outer ring of London behind, the writer was the only passenger in the compartment and only then he realized that he was alone.

(2) There is a pleasant ………….. anything you like.
Context : The author was travelling by a prepare and was left alone within the carriage as all different passengers had alighted from it.

Clarification : The author says that travelling in a carriage, on their lonesome, which is shifting alongside jerkily at evening making a lot noise is a novel expertise. It offers you pleasure of private liberty. This liberty is altogether unchecked and is infact very pleasing. You might be free to do no matter you want.

(3) I flicked him off my nostril ………….. took at my neck.
Or
He was one in every of ………….. at my neck.
Context : The author was travelling in a prepare. When the final of his fellow passengers had gone, he lit a cigarette, sat down and commenced to learn once more. It was then {that a} mosquito joined him within the compartment and sat on his nostril.

Clarification : The author says that he struck the mosquito off his nostril with a pointy mild blow. The mosquito flew away and examined the complete compartment, went to see every window after which moved restlessly spherical the sunshine. The writer additional says that the mosquito got here to the conclusion that he (the writer) was essentially the most advantageous creature for him within the compartment, sitting in a nook. It got here close to the writer and had a look at his neck.

(4) I flicked him off ………….. has its limits.
Context : The author was travelling in a prepare. When all of the passengers had gone, a mosquito started to disturb the author many times. He started to maneuver in the entire compartment and thought the author to be most attention-grabbing from him to play with.

Clarification : On this passage the author describes the imprudence of the mosquito. After taking the spherical of the entire compartment, the mosquito got here and sat upon the neck of the author. The author struck him with a lightweight sharp blow. However the mosquito once more flew away, took a spherical of the compartment and seated himself rudely on the again of the author’s hand. However the author couldn’t bear it anymore and informed the mosquito that genersity has its restrict and reminded him that he had already warned him twice.

(5) It’s sufficient ………….. court docket awards it.
Context : The author was travelling in a passenger prepare from London. When the prepare had left the outer ring of London, solely the author was left there. He was bored with a mosquito who troubled him many times. Now, the mosquito sat on the again of his hand.

Clarification : The author couldn’t tolerate this daring mischief of the mosquito. He couldn’t be beneficiant any extra. He had already warned it twice. The author considered himself that he was not an peculiar man. He should be regarded. However the little mosquito was disturbing him and tickling his physique many times. It was a stranger. So, he determined to punish it. He thought himself to be a choose and determined to sentence it to dying as there have been many costs towards it.

(6) I assume the ………….. humiliated me.
Context : The author was travelling in a prepare. His fellow-traveller was a mosquito who disturbed him very a lot. First, writer defined him in each approach however he didn’t obey and settle for his recommendations. Then, the writer was able to kill him.

Clarification : In these strains the author says that seeing the damaging actions of mosquito he warned him for punishment. He informed him that he was authorised to sentence him to dying. He charged his fellow-traveller that he has no ticket of railway, no license of meat. He was a vegabond and a public nuisance. For these and lots of different misdemeanours he needs to be sentenced to dying. The author additional says that he struck the mosquito off his nostril with a pointy mild blow together with his proper hand. However he flew away to avoid wasting himself and the author felt himself ashamed very a lot.

(7) My private self-importance ………….. horrible swiftness.
Context : An awesome battle was occurring between the author and the mosquito. The mosquito always disturbed the author. Changing into a choose, the author sentenced the mosquito to dying. He charged the mosquito in some ways.

Clarification : The author thought that his determination was fairly proper. He wished to kill it. He struck a deadly blow together with his proper hand and together with his paper he jumped on the seat and adopted him. He used all ways however the mosquito dodged each assault. However each time he failed.

(8) He performed with me ………….. spirit of the guy.
Context : The author was travelling in a prepare. When all of the passengers had gone, a mosquito started to disturb him many times. The author tried his greatest to cease him however he didn’t obey him and continued disturbing him. He warned him to kill him and framed many severe costs towards him however all in useless.

Clarification : On this passage the author accepts his defeat. He wished to kill him however his all efforts failed and the mosquito went on having fun with this combat. He performed with the author overtly and courageously. It was a present of a combat between a metador and an offended bull. On this combat the author himself behaved like an offended bull and the mosquito like a skilful metador. It was clear to the author that the mosquito was having fun with himself by shifting spherical the person who appeared to him so helpless and silly. Now the author modified his emotions towards the mosquito and commenced to enter into his spirit.

(9) It was apparent ………….. and so silly.
Context : An awesome battle was occurring between the author and the mosquito. The author used all ways to kill the mosquito however the mosquito dodged each assault. Thus the author failed each time.

Clarification : Now the author had come to know the truth of the game between him and mosquito. In keeping with the author the mosquito was busy in his personal leisure. Subsequently he had disturbed him. He wished to play a sport fluttering spherical the person who appeared to him so large and so silly. The author additionally realized that the mosquito had the equal proper on the compartment. Thus the author accepted his defeat and altered his views.

(10) I started to enter ………….. my status.
Context : Throughout his journey the author was troubled very a lot by a mosquito. He warned it twice however ineffective. Third time he determined to kill it. However by its intelligent trick the mosquito saved itself from all crafty ways of the author. So, the author was perplexed.

Clarification : The author accepted his defeat. He started to know him and love him. He accepted that the mosquito additionally was not solely an peculiar insect but it surely additionally had a character of its personal. It proved that it had the equal proper like the author to remain within the compartment. Now, the author didn’t assume himself superior to the mosquito as a result of it had defeated him within the competitors. Now the author determined to be magnanimous. He remembered that magnanimity and mercy are the 2 noble qualities of man. Thus by creating these two qualities, he would have the ability to get again his misplaced status.

(11) Magnanimity and mercy ………….. I do it.
Or
At current ………….. I do it.
Context : The author couldn’t kill the mosquito. Now, he began having kindly emotions for the mosquito. His sense of superiority started to vanish steadily. He felt that the mosquito had equal rights to be within the compartment. It had equal rights to dwell and luxuriate in. So the author now determined to be beneficiant and type to the mosquito.

Clarification : Now, it dawned on the author that generosity and mercy had been the best qualities of man. He felt that by being beneficiant and merciful he might get again his honour misplaced in his combat with the mosquito. Thus, he might save his face. He felt how silly and helpless, he was at that second. He was an object of mockery. However by exhibiting mercy and forgiveness, he might thus get better his misplaced honour. He got here again to his seat. He wouldn’t punish the mosquito with dying. He wouldn’t kill it. He had suspended his dying sentence.

(12) However I shall not do it. ………….. distant relationship.
Context : The author accepted his defeat within the encounter with the mosquito and developed an affection for him. He determined to withdraw the dying sentence to take care of his ethical dignity and honour.

Clarification : In these strains the author tells the mosquito his determination of not killing him as a result of he has pardoned him. However he desires to make him conscious that he does what he says. However now he has come to know him effectively and has developed an affection for him. St. Francis would have known as him ‘Little Brother’. He can’t present such christian civility however he had a distant relationship with him, i.e. each of them are fellow-travellers. Each have one another at nighttime of evening.

(13) The duty is mutual ………….. about mine.
Context : The author accepted his defeat within the encounter with the mosquito. Now he determined to pardon the mosquito and withdraw the dying sentence. That was the one strategy to keep his ethical dignity and honour.

Clarification : Now the author has modified his perspective for the mosquito. He treats it on equal phrases. He thinks that each are obliged to one another as a result of each have entertained one another. Furthermore, each of them are mortals. So he compares their life to a journey. None is aware of when and the place this journey will finish. Each have taken start on this world, get pleasure from their life, wander hither and thither and in the end die and this world turns into darkish to them. That is the philosophic perspective of the author about life.

(14) The miracle of life ………….. evening once more.
Context : In the long run the mosquito sat on the newspaper and it was within the palms of the author. However he didn’t kill it as a result of he had reprieved it. He thought that by likelihood they turned the fellow-travellers. Each entertained one another. They had been now associates as a result of they had been fellow mortals.

Clarification : In these strains the author says that life is the best miracle of nature. No person is aware of precisely about his life. The start and finish of our life each are a thriller. All of the creatures on this earth are fellow-travellers. None is superior or inferior. We take start however don’t know from the place we’ve come. We battle arduous for our life on this world for a brief interval. Then, we go away from this world however have no idea the place we’ve to go. That is the journey of our life. [N. B. : Thus, the writer has taught us a lesson of fraternity among all creatures because the mystery and miracle of life are common to all.)

Short Answer Type Questions

Answer one of the following questions in not more than 30 words:
Question 1.
Give a brief description of the train Mr. A.G. Gardiner travelled by.
(जिस रेलगाड़ी में मि० ए० जी० गार्डनर ने यात्रा की उसका संक्षिप्त विवरण दीजिए)
Reply :
The author was travelling by a suburban prepare which ran from London to a Midland City. It was a stopping prepare.
(लेकख उपनगरीय रेलगाड़ी से यात्रा कर रहा था यह गाड़ी मीलडलोड के एक -एक कसबे तक जगह -जगह रुक कर जाती थी)

Query 2.
Why did the writer name the prepare as a kind of trains which provide you with an understanding of eternity’ ?
(लेखक ने गाड़ी को ऐसी गाड़ी क्यों कहा है जो अनन्त काल का आभास कराती है ?)
Reply :
The prepare was working very sluggish. It stopped in any respect stations. So, the author thought that his journey would by no means finish and he known as the prepare as such.
(रेलगाड़ी बहुत धीमी चल रही थी। यह सभी स्टेशनों पर रुकती थी। इसलिए लेखक ने सोचा कि उसकी यात्रा कभी समाप्त नहीं होगी और ऐसा ही उसने गाड़ी के विषय में सोचा।)

Query 3.
What did the writer assume by the point the prepare left London ?
(जिस समय गाड़ी लन्दन से रवाना हुई उस समय लेखक ने क्या सोचा ?)
Reply :
When the prepare left London the writer thought that he was on their lonesome within the compartment. So, he was at liberty to do something he favored.
(जब गाड़ी लन्दन से रवाना हुई तब लेखक ने सोचा कि डिब्बे में वह अकेला है। इसलिए वह कुछ भी करने को स्वतन्त्र है जो वह चाहे।)

Query 4.
What’s, in accordance with Mr. A.G. Gardiner, the nice sense of freedom about being alone in a compartment ?
(मि० ए० जी० गार्डनर के अनुसार रेल के डिब्बे में अकेला होने पर स्वतन्त्रता का क्या आनन्द प्राप्त होता है ?)
Reply :
In keeping with A.G. Gardiner, the nice sense of freedom about being alone in a compartment is that the passenger is free to do what he likes.
(ए० जी० गार्डनर के अनुसार रेल के डिब्बे में अकेला होने पर यात्री को स्वतन्त्रता का यही आनन्द प्राप्त होता है कि वह अपनी पसन्द का कोई भी कार्य करने को स्वतन्त्र है।)

Query 5.
What, in accordance with A.G. Gardiner, are some great benefits of travelling alone in a railway compartment ?
(ए० जी० गार्डनर के अनुसार रेलगाड़ी के डिब्बे में अकेले ही यात्रा करने के क्या लाभ हैं?)
Reply :
In keeping with the writer, travelling alone in a compartment, an individual might speak simply to himself, sing or dance, play marbles, open or shut home windows, stroll or lie down at full size on the cushion for relaxation.
(लेखक के अनुसार रेल के डिब्बे में अकेले यात्रा करते समय व्यक्ति अपने आप से सरलता से बातें कर सकता है, गीत गा सकता है या नाच सकता है, खिड़कियों को खोल या बन्द कर सकता है, टहल सकता है। या आराम करने के लिए गद्दे पर पसर कर लेट सकता है।)

Query 6.
What issues would you do in case you had been travelling alone in a compartment ?
(यदि आप डिब्बे में अकेले यात्रा कर रहे हों तब आप क्या-क्या काम करेंगे ?)
Or
What can one do freely whereas travelling alone in a carriage of an evening prepare in accordance with A.G. Gardiner ?
(ए० जी० गार्डनर के अनुसार एक रात की गाड़ी में यात्रा करते हुए कोई आजादी से क्या कर सकता है?)
Reply :
If I used to be travelling alone in a compartment, I might speak myself, sing or dance, open or shut the home windows. I might sit in a nook.
(यदि मैं डिब्बे में अकेले यात्रा करू, तो मैं अपने आप से बातें करू, गाऊँ, नाचूँ, खिड़कियाँ खोलें या बन्द करूं। मैं किसी कोने में भी बैठ जाऊँ।).

Query 7.
What does the abbreviation D. O. R. A. stand for?
(D. 0. R. A. को पूरा अर्थ क्या है ?)
Reply :
D. O. R. A. stands for the Defence of the Realm Act which offered the British Authorities huge energy in the course of the Nice struggle.
(D. O. R. A. का अर्थ है ‘राज्य सुरक्षा अधिनियम’ जिसने प्रथम विश्वयुद्ध में ब्रिटिश सरकार को बहुत अधिक शक्ति प्रदान की थी।)

Query 8.
What did the writer do whereas travelling alone within the compartment ?
(लेखक जिस समय डिब्बे में अकेला यात्रा कर रहा था तब उसने क्या किया?)
Reply :
Whereas travelling alone within the compartment, the writer put down his paper, stretched his legs and arms, stood up and seemed out of the window, lit a cigar, sat down and commenced to learn the paper once more.
(जब लेखक डिब्बे में अकेला यात्रा कर रहा था तब उसने अपना अखबार रख दिया। अपने हाथ-पैर फैलाये, खड़ा हुआ और खिड़की से बाहर देखा, सिगार जलाया, फिर बैठ गया और पुन: अखबार पढ़ने लगा।)

Query 9.
Who was A.G. Gardiner’s fellow-traveller ? When did the writer turn into conscious of his fellow-traveller ?
(लेखक का साथी यात्री कौन था ? लेखक को अपने साथी यात्री का पता कब चला ?)
Reply :
A. G. Gardiner’s fellow-traveller was a mosquito. The writer turned conscious of his fellow-traveller when he was studying the newspaper and mosquito sat on his nostril.
(लेखक का साथी यात्री एक मच्छर था। लेखक को अपने साथी यात्री का पता उस समय चला जब वह अखबार पढ़ रहा था और एक मच्छर उसकी नाक पर बैठ गया।)

Query 10.
What did the writer do when the fellow-traveller got here and sat on his nostril?
(जब साथी यात्री, आकर लेखक की नाक पर बैठ गया, तब लेखक ने क्या किया ?)
Reply :
When the fellow-traveller got here and sat on his nostril, he flicked it off.
(जब साथी यात्री आकर उसकी नाक पर बैठ गया तब उसने उसे झटके के साथ फेंक दिया।)

Query 11.
What did the writer say when the mosquito seated himself impudently on the again of his hand ?
(जब मच्छर धृष्टतापूर्वक हाथ के पिछली ओर बैठ गया तब लेखक ने क्या कहा ?)
Or
Why did the author determine to punish the fellow-traveller ?
(लेखक ने सहयात्री को दण्डित करने का निश्चय क्यों किया?)
Reply :
The writer stated that the restrict of magnanimity was over. He would punish him by placing him to dying.
(लेखक ने कहा कि उदारता की सीमा समाप्त हो गई है। वह उसे मृत्युदण्ड देगा।)

Query 12.
Why did justice demand the award of dying sentence ?
(न्याय की माँग मौत की सजा क्यों थी ?)
Reply :
There have been many costs towards the mosquito. It was a vagabond and a public nuisance. He was travelling with out ticket and sucking the blood of the writer. So, justice demanded the award of dying sentence.
(मच्छर के विरुद्ध बहुत-से आरोप थे। वह आवारा और लोक कंटक था। वह बिना टिकट यात्रा कर रहा था और लेखक का खून चूस रहा था। इसलिए न्याय की माँग थी कि उसे मृत्यु-दण्ड मिले।)

Query 13.
What did the fellow-traveller do to keep away from the sentence of dying?
(मृत्यु-दण्ड से बचने के लिए साथी यात्री ने क्या किया ?)
Reply :
To keep away from the sentence of dying the fellow-traveller dodged the writer and ran away.
(साथी यात्री ने लेखक को चकमा दे दिया और भाग गया।)

Query 14.
Why did the writer really feel humiliated and the way did he react to it?
(लेखक ने स्वयं को अपमानित क्यों अनुभव किया और इसके प्रति उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया थी ?)
Reply :
The writer felt humiliated as a result of the mosquito averted his blow cunningly. Then, he adopted all types of ways to kill him.
(लेखक ने अपमानित इसलिए अनुभव किया, क्योंकि अपराधी चालाकी से उसके मुक्के से बच गया। फिर लेखक ने उसे मारने के लिए प्रत्येक चाल चली।)

Query 15.
Who was the “skilful matador finessing spherical an infuriated bull ?” And who was the ‘infuriated bull’ ?
(क्रुद्ध साँड़ से भिड़ने वाला चतुर पहलवान कौन था ? और क्रुद्ध साँड कौन था ?)
Reply :
The mosquito was skilful matador and the writer was infuriated bull.
(मच्छर चतुर पहलवान था और लेखक क्रुद्ध साँड था।)

Query 16.
Why in accordance with the writer, did the fellow-traveller disturb his repose ?
(लेखक के अनुसार उसके साथी यात्री ने उसकी शान्ति क्यों भंग की ?)
Reply :
The guy-traveller was having fun with himself. So, the writer thought that he had disturbed his repose.
(साथी यात्री अपनी मनोरंजन कर रहा था। इसलिए उसने लेखक की शान्ति को भंग किया।)

Query 17.
What did the writer start to assume when he discovered himself so helpless and silly towards his fellow-traveller ?
(जब लेखक ने अपने सहयात्री से निपटने में स्वयं को इतना असहाय और मूर्ख पाया तब वह क्या सोचने लगा ?)
Reply :
The writer started to enter into the spirit of his fellow-traveller when he discovered himself, so helpless and silly.
(जब लेखक ने स्वयं को इतना असहाय और मूर्ख पाया तब उसने सहयात्री की मन की स्थिति को समझने की चेष्टा की।)

Query 18.
Why did he determine to be magnanimous and merciful to the guy traveller?
(उसने (लेखक) ने अपने सहयात्री के प्रति इतना उदार और दयावान होने का निश्चय क्यों किया ?)
Reply :
The writer wished to make up his misplaced status. So, he determined to be magnanimous and merciful to the fellow-traveller as a result of these had been the noblest virtues of mankind.
(लेखक अपना खोया हुआ सम्मान प्राप्त करना चाहता था। अत: उसने सहयात्री के प्रति उदार और दयावान होने का निश्चय किया, क्योंकि मानव जाति के ये सबसे अच्छे दो गुण हैं।)

Query 19.
What did the writer consider the fellow-traveller when the latter sat on the newspaper ?
(जब सहयात्री अखबार पर बैठ गया तब लेखक ने क्या सोचा ?)
Reply :
When the fellow-traveller sat on the newspaper, the writer thought him to be silly. He thought to kill him however he let him go.
(जब सहयात्री अखबार पर बैठ गया तब लेखक ने उसे मूर्ख समझा। उसने उसे मारने की बात सोची, किन्तु उसे क्षमा कर दिया।)

Query 20.
What relationship did the writer develop together with his fellow-traveller ?
(लेखक ने अपने सहयात्री से क्या सम्बन्ध विकसित किया ?)
Or
Who was the fellow-traveller ? What relationship did the writer develop with the fellow-traveller ?
(सहयात्री कौन था ? लेखक ने अपने सहयात्री से क्या सम्बन्ध विकसित किया ?)
Reply :
The writer developed a distant relationship together with his fellow-traveller. He stated that they had been fellow-mortals. A mosquito was the fellow-traveller.
(लेखक ने अपने सहयात्री से दूर का रिश्ता विकसित किया। उसने कहा कि वे दोनों साथी नश्वर प्राणी हैं। सहयात्री एक मच्छर था।)

Query 21.
Do you want this essay or not ? Give causes.
(क्या आप इस निबन्ध को पसन्द करते हैं ? कारण दीजिए।)
Reply :
Sure, I like this essay as a result of it teaches us an amazing ethical ‘Reside and let dwell’. Furthermore, it’s written in a easy language. It’s pleasant and instructive. It condemns superiority complicated.
(हाँ, मैं इस निबन्ध को पसन्द करता हूँ, क्योंकि वह ‘जियो और जीने दो’ को महान् पाठ पढ़ाता है। इसके अतिरिक्त यह सरल भाषा में लिखा गया है। यह मनोरंजक एवं शिक्षाप्रद है। यह उच्च भावना के विचार को भी त्यागती है।)

Query 22.
Clarify the next:
(निम्नलिखित का वर्णन कीजिए :
(a) “I assume the black cap …………… awards it.”
(b) “It was all in useless ………….. bull.”
(c) “The miracle of life …………… about mine.”
Reply :
(a) The writer supposes himself a choose sentencing the mosquito to dying as a result of there are numerous capital costs towards it. He additionally says that his determination is authorized and justified.
(b) The writer wished to kill the mosquito. However his all efforts failed and the mosquito went on having fun with this combat. On this combat the author himself behaved like an offended bull and the mosquito like a skilful matador.
(c) In the long run the writer realised that life is the best miracle of nature. The lifetime of all creatures on this world is sort of a journey. However none is aware of its objective. This fact applies to each of them, i.e. the writer and the mosquito.
[(a) लेखक अपने आप में कल्पना करता है कि एक न्यायाधीश के रूप में वह इस मच्छर को मृत्युदण्ड दे सकता है क्योंकि उसके विरुद्ध बहुत-से आपराधिक मामले हैं। वह यह भी कहता है कि उसका निर्णय कानूनी एवं न्यायपूर्ण है। (b) लेखक मच्छर को मार देना चाहता है लेकिन उसके सभी प्रयास असफल हो जाते हैं और मच्छर इस युद्ध का आनन्द लेता रहता है। इस युद्ध में लेखक स्वयं एक क्रोधी बैल की भाँति व्यवहार करता है जबकि मच्छर एक चालाक साँड़ की तरह।
(c) अन्त में लेखक यह महसूस करता है कि जीवन प्रकृति का एक महानतम चमत्कार है। इस संसार में सभी प्राणी एक यात्री के समान हैं लेकिन कोई भी इसके उद्देश्य को नहीं जानता है। यह सत्य लेखक तथा मच्छर दोनों के लिए लागू होता है।

Question 23.
‘Magnanimity has its limits,’ who said it and why ?
(उदारता की भी सीमा होती है, यह शब्द किसने कहे और क्यों ?)
Reply :
The writer stated it as a result of he was offended together with his fellow-traveller, i.e. mosquito who was constantly disturbing him.
(लेखक ने यह शब्द कहे, क्योंकि वह अपने साथी यात्री अर्थात् मच्छर से बहुत नाराज था जो उसे लगातार परेशान कर रहा था।)

Query 24.
Who was the fellow-traveller of the writer and the place did he sit ?
(लेखक का सहयात्री कौन था और वह कहाँ बैठा था ?)
Reply :
A mosquito was the fellow-traveller of the writer. He sat on the again of his hand.
(लेखक का सहयात्री एक मच्छर था। वह लेखक के हाथ की पिछली ओर बैठा था।)

Query 25.
When did the writer, A.G. Gardiner, really feel that he was not superior to the mosquito ? [2015]
(लेखक ए०जी० गार्डनर ने कब महसूस किया कि मच्छर उससे श्रेष्ठ है?)
Reply :
Each effort of the writer to punish the mosquito proved ineffective. At first, there was self-importance in him of being a human. However since he couldn’t do something towards him, his superiority started to fade away from him.
(लेखक को मच्छर को दण्डित करने का प्रत्येक प्रयास असफल रहा। पहले, उसमें एक मानव होने का घमण्ड था। लेकिन जब वह उसने आगे कुछ नहीं कर सका, तो उसकी श्रेष्ठता कम होने लगी।)

Vocabulary

Select essentially the most acceptable phrase or phrase that greatest completes the sentence :
1. The prepare by which A.G. Gardiner travelled stopped at ………… stations.
(a) large
(b) suburban
(c) small
(d) street facet

2. There’s a nice sense of freedom ………… being alone in a carriage that’s jolting noisily by means of the evening.
(a) of
(b) over
(c) for
(d) about

3. Certainly you possibly can go on opening them and shutting them as a form of …………. of freedom.
(a) pageant
(b) event
(c) perform
(d) likelihood

4. Magnanimity has its ………….
(a) finish
(b) no finish
(c) limits
(d) makes use of

5. You’re a vagrant, you’re a public ………….., you’re travelling with out ticket.
(a) servant
(b) man
(c) particular person
(d) nuisance

6. I (A.G. Gardiner) felt my coronary heart warming in the direction of him and the sense of ………… fading.
(a) superiority
(b) inferiority
(c) kindness
(d) sympathy

7. Magnanimity and mercy had been the noblest …………. of man.
(a) qualities
(b) traits
(c) traits
(d) attributes

8. I can’t kill you however I can ………. you.
(a) reprieve
(b) forgive
(c) punish
(d) condemn

9. Fortune has made us fellow-travellers on this …………. evening.
(a) summer season
(b) winter
(c) darkish
(d) moonlit

10. I’ve ……….. you and you’ve got …………. me.
(a) , disturbed
(b) disturbed,
(c) , entertained
(d) entertained,

11. The writer one night …………. a passenger prepare.
(a) mounted
(b) climbed
(c) boarded .
(d) obtained up

12. As I closed the door of the compartment, I noticed my.. ……….. fluttering around the lamp.
(a) mosquito
(b) pal
(c) companion
(d) fellow-traveller

13. I felt my coronary heart warming in the direction of him and the sense of superiority …………..
(a) growing
(b) coming
(c) fading
(d) shining

14. I have no idea which of us obtained into the; ………… first.
(a) carriage
(b) braveness
(c) cartridge
(d) cottage

15. I flicked him ………….. my nostril.
(a) off
(b) of
(c) at
(d) by means of

16. Justice calls for it, and the court docket …………..
(a) declares.
(b) decides
(c) awards
(d) directs

17. You possibly can open the window or shut it with out ………….. a protest. [2010]
(a) upsetting
(b) calling
(c)choosing
(d) getting

18. I can’t go ………….. far as that in christian charity and civility.
(a) as
(b) too
(c) to
(d) so

19. I went out …………. the cool summer season evening.
(a) in
(b) for
(c) into
(d) to

20. Istruck a swift, ………….. blow with my proper hand.
(a) light
(b)large
(c) deadly
(d) regular

21. How might I really feel ………… to a creature who was so manifestly my grasp in the one competitors we had ever loved.
(a) inferior
(b) higher
(c) higher
(d) superior

22. He performed false ………….. me overtly.
(a) for
(b) with
(c) in
(d) by

Solutions :
1. (b)
2. (d)
3. (a)
4. (c)
5. (d)
6. (a)
7. (d)
8. (a)
9. (a)
10. (C)
11. (e)
12. (d)
13. (c)
14. (a)
15. (a)
16. (c)
17. (a)
18. (d)
19. (c)
20. (c)
21. (d)
22. (b).

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